National Hero of Indonesia

The title of National Hero of Indonesia (Indonesian: Gelar Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia) is awarded by the government of Indonesia to people considered to have made a significant contribution to the fight for independence or the development of the nation.

Contents

Background

The tradition of officially naming people Indonesian National Heroes began in the time of President Sukarno. The first person awarded the title was Abdul Muis via Presidential Decision No. 218/1959 issued on 30 August 1959. With seven new National Heroes in November 2011, the total number was 156[1]

There are four types of National Hero:[2]

Criteria

The first set of criteria for a national hero was set out in Presidential Decision No. 241/1958. It defined a National Independence Hero as "a person who throughout his/her life, because of love for the nation did great service or led an organized activity to oppose colonialism in Indonesia, fighting enemies from overseas, or who did great service in the area of politics, statesmanship, socio-economics or culture by fighting for independence and the development of Indonesia". This was refined in 1964 in Presidential Regulation No. 33/1964. This defined a Hero as somebody who died in action or as a result of heroic acts fighting to defend the nation or who although not killed at the time, was proved to have made sacrifices defending the nation and whose subsequent life was unmarred by any actions that detracted from his or hr heroic status. This definition has been used without any major changes since 1964.[3]

National Heroes

This is an incomplete list of people who have received the title as of November 2011:[1][3]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b Tempo English Edition magazine, 16-22 November 2011 p16
  2. ^ Winda (Ed) (2009), page vi
  3. ^ a b Winda (Ed) (2009), pp. v-vi
  4. ^ a b c d e f Unidjaja, Fabiola Desy (11 November 2004), "Composer, freedom fighters declared heroes", The Jakarta Post 

External links